2) Color of the nails:-

a) Nails get to be distinctly pale in weakness.

b) Opaque white discolouration(leuconychia) is seen in constant renal disappointment and nephrotic disorder.

c) Whitening is additionally observed in hypoalbuminaemia as in cirrhosis and kidney issue.

d) Drugs like sulpha group,anti malarial and anti-microbials ect can deliver discolouration in the nails.

e) Fungal contamination causes dark discolouration.

f) In pseudomonas contamination nails get to be distinctly dark or green.

g) Nail bed localized necrosis occures in vasculitis particularly in SLE and polyarteritis.

h) Red dabs are found in nails because of chip hemorrhages in subacute bacterial endo carditis, rheumatoid joint inflammation, injury, collagen vascular maladies.

i) Blunt damage produces discharge and causes blue/dark discolouration.

j) Nails get to be distinctly cocoa in kidney infections and in diminished adrenal action.

k) In wilsons illness blue shading in half circle shows up in the nail.

l) When the blood supply diminishes nail get to be distinctly yellow .In jaundice and psoriasis likewise nail get to be distinctly yellowish.

m) In yellow nail disorder all nails get to be distinctly yellowish with pleural emission.

3) Shape of nails:-

a) Clubbing: Here tissues at the base of nails are thickened and the edge between the nail base and the skin is devastated. The nail turns out to be more raised and the fingertip gets to be distinctly bulbous and resembles an end of a drumstick. At the point when the condition turns out to be more terrible the nail resembles a parrot mouth.

Reasons for clubbing:-

Intrinsic Injuries

Serious incessant cyanosis

Lung ailments like empyema, bronchiactesis, carcinoma of bronchus and aspiratory tuberculosis.

Stomach ailments like crohn’s ailment, polyposis of colon, ulcerative colitis, liver cirrhosis etc…

Heart ailments like fallot’s tetralogy,subacute bacterial endocarditis and ect..